Good corporate governance (GCG) can help state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 
increase their value, investor confidence, develop their businesses, and manage 
risks.

Therefore, SOEs must implement GCG to fulfill their responsibility to the 
country, their shareholders, and the public, according to analysts.

GCG involves regulating, managing, and supervising a sustainable business 
control process to increase share value, as a form of accountability to 
shareholders without ignoring the interests of stakeholders, including 
employees, creditors, and the community.

In Indonesia, the implementation of GCG has been mandated at all SOEs under 
Erick Thohir’s leadership as the Minister of SOEs.

According to Thohir, all SOEs must apply the five GCG principles outlined in 
the SOEs Minister’s Regulation Number PER-09/MBU/2012 concerning Amendments to 
the SOEs Minister Regulation Number PER-01/MBU/2011 concerning the 
Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in SOEs.

The first GCG principle involves transparency in decision-making and disclosing 
material and relevant information regarding the company.

The second principle is accountability in terms of clarity of function to 
ensure the management in the company is working effectively.

The third principle pertains to the responsibility of the company’s management 
to obey applied law and regulations.

The fourth is independence in managing the company in a professional way 
without conflict of interest and pressure from certain parties.

The last is fairness or justice and equality in fulfilling the rights of 
stakeholders' interests that arise based on agreements, laws, and regulations.

Under Thohir’s leadership, several SOEs have implemented GCG.

To comply with GCG principles, state-owned energy company PT Pertamina has 
increased the involvement of legal institutions in its business processes and 
company projects.

According to Pertamina President Director Nicke Widyawati, during 2020–2021, 
the company carried out strategic cooperation with several law enforcement 
agencies, including the Indonesian National Police (Polri), the Financial 
Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK), the Government’s Development 
Finance Comptroller (BPKP), the Indonesian Attorney General's Office, and the 
Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK).

Pertamina and PPATK established cooperation in data exchange for investigations 
for preventing and eradicating money laundering or other criminal acts in the 
company, she said.

Pertamina will also continue to collaborate with BPKP for company audits, she 
added.

Meanwhile, the company’s cooperation with the National Police involves 
supervising and assisting procurements for strategic projects, such as the 
construction, development, and operation of oil refineries and petrochemicals.

State-owned port operator PT Pelindo I has also implemented GCG through mutual 
cooperation with KPK for the handling of complaints of criminal acts, such as 
corruption.

Pelindo I President Director Dani Rusli Utama said that this mutual cooperation 
is in line with the principle of GCG applied by Pelindo I in its work 
activities.

Pelindo I's anti-corruption commitment has also been integrated with 26 other 
SOEs through the Whistleblowing System, he informed.

The Whistleblowing System is an application for reporting violations of the 
code of ethics, regulations, and legal provisions, he said. The application 
does not reveal the identity of the whistleblower and aids fair reporting of 
corruption, he said.

The collaboration with KPK is a form of the ministry's support for SOEs as 
partners in preventing corruption, Thohir said.

"We are committed to continued transformation, transparency, and 
professionalism in the Ministry of SOEs as well as our SOEs. One of our 
breakthroughs in transparency is opening all SOEs' financial reports to 
President Joko Widodo and the Finance Minister,” he added.

During Thohir’s term, the SOEs Ministry has also made other major breakthroughs 
in bureaucratic reform by making bold moves. To simplify bureaucracy, Thohir 
has reduced the number of deputies from seven to three (focusing on legal, 
human resources, and finance), and appointed two deputy ministers for SOEs who 
handle the portfolios of 142 SOEs.

Evaluating SOE subsidiaries, he has contended that they can reduce the profits 
of the main company, which may be already large.

He further said he will issue a ministerial regulation regarding the 
establishment of SOE subsidiaries.

Eventually, the business model of each SOE will be improved, he informed. SOEs 
must go back to their business core to avoid similar businesses overlapping 
each other, he explained.

Thohir said he will also encourage SOEs' expansion in foreign markets to boost 
revenue.

Furthermore, troubled companies will not be liquidated, according to the 
previous policy, but will be merged instead, the minister added.

He pointed out how his ministry successfully engineered the merger of 
state-owned Islamic banks into a single entity called Bank Syariah Indonesia, 
or BSI.

BSI was formed through the merger of three Sharia banks owned by the 
State-Owned Banks Association (Himbara): Mandiri Sharia, BRI Sharia, and BNI 
Sharia. With the formation of BSI, for the first time, Indonesia finally has a 
large Islamic bank, with assets totaling around Rp 247 trillion, Thohir said.

BSI has also received official permission from the United Arab Emirates to open 
a branch in one of its Islamic finance centers, Dubai, he highlighted. The 
recognition has brought BSI a step closer to achieving its goal of becoming a 
key player in the global Islamic banking industry, he remarked.

The minister said his ministry also successfully merged four state-owned port 
operators Pelindo I, Pelindo II, Pelindo III, and Pelindo IV into one company, 
with each operating ports in different areas.

The Pelindo merger, which had been attempted for two decades, was successfully 
realized in October 2021, he noted. He said the merger aimed to reduce 
logistics costs in Indonesia, which were still higher than in neighboring Asian 
countries.

With this merger, Pelindo has emerged as the eighth-largest container terminal 
operator in the world, with a total of 16.7 million TEUs, and become one of the 
main players in the ports sector, with assets totaling Rp 112 trillion, Thohir 
said.

This merger also aims to boost connectivity and efficiency to lower national 
logistics costs in an effort to further drive the competitiveness of 
Indonesia’s industry sector, he said.

Social expert Budi Muliawan said all of these transformations at SOEs were 
realized through strategic plans and the well-organized vision of leaders.

Leaders must be able to internalize GCG in modern corporate principles, he 
said. In leading SOEs, leaders should also have a sense of crisis and a sense 
of belonging, he added. 

SOURCE: Ministry of State-Owned Enterprise