Introduction: An energy storage system (ESS) is not just batteries but a 
comprehensive system that integrates electrochemical, power electronics, 
digital, and thermal technologies. As the penetration of renewable energy keeps 
increasing, we are seeing an explosive growth in the energy storage market. 
With this expansion, safety has become a crucial industry issue.

ESS plays a key role in new energy systems, prompting rapid market growth 
around the world. Wood Mackenzie's 
report(https://www.woodmac.com/reports/power-markets-global-energy-storage-outlo
ok-h2-2020-440628/) shows global energy storage capacity could grow at a 
compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of 31%, recording 741 gigawatt-hours(GWh) of 
cumulative capacity by 2030. This being said, occasional safety accidents 
persist at battery energy storage plants, putting staff at risk and causing 
serious economic losses.

Lithium batteries are the core components of a battery energy storage system 
(BESS). Internal and external sources may quickly increase the temperature of 
battery cells, leading to thermal runaway. This can release flammable and 
explosive gases, causing fires or even explosions. Normally, there are several 
issues that may lead to safety accidents in lithium BESSs:

-Manufacturing defects, short circuits due to lithium plating, and battery cell 
inconsistency
-Circulating currents between lithium battery racks, accelerating battery cell 
deterioration
-External short circuits caused by insulation failures, internal short circuits 
caused by abnormal currents and overheating
-External environmental changes, such as high temperature and high humidity, 
accelerating lithium battery aging and causing insulation failures and short 
circuits, resulting in thermal runaway
-Battery monitoring failure due to improper configuration & coordination, or 
incomplete information sharing between the Battery Management System(BMS), 
Energy Management System(EMS), and Power Conversion System(PCS)

To ensure the safety of the entire ESS, it requires refined monitoring and 
management of batteries not only from system level, but also from rack level, 
pack level, and even cell level. By leveraging decades of extensive R&D 
investment and practical application of in electrochemical, power electronics 
and digital technologies, FusionSolar has pioneered the Smart String ESS 
Solution which features innovative battery pack & rack level optimization, as 
well as multi-level safety protection with refined monitoring and 
charge/discharge management of the ESS, achieving higher available battery 
capacity and increased safety.

FusionSolar Smart String ESS Solution adopts multiple levels of safety design 
for ultimate protection.

-Structural Safety
The solution design isolates the batteries, rack-level optimizers, and fire 
control cabins to ensure stable, ongoing monitoring and fire protection. The 
protection rating of the entire system reaches IP55, the anti-corrosion level 
of the container is C5, and the system can withstand earthquakes up to a 
magnitude of 9.
-Electrical Safety
Four-level active control and two-level physical isolation provide 
comprehensive overcurrent protection -- when detecting overcurrent, the system 
triggers the BMS to limit the current of battery packs and racks from the 
software side. If the fault is escalated, the battery pack & rack optimizers 
will shut down the system from the hardware side('four-level'). Finally, the 
circuit breaker and fuse will help prevent the fault spreading from system 
level('two-level'). In addition, when the ESS is not running, for example, 
during transportation or installation, the voltage of the battery pack 
terminals is zero, helping to protect construction and O&M personnel from 
accidents.
-Fire Safety
FusionSolar Smart String ESS Solution is equipped with multiple temperature, 
humidity, and smoke sensors. These sense warning factors in the environment. 
For example, if they detect flammable gas, the sensors automatically exhaust 
the gas to prevent fire and explosions. After the exhaust system is shut down, 
an extinguishant is immediately released to put out the fire and prevent the 
accident from escalating.
-AI-based BMS Intelligent Alarming
The solution uses an innovative patented AI-based short-circuit algorithm, 
which can intelligently detect internal short-circuits on the battery cell 
level, enabling early detection, early warning, and multi-level linkage 
protection.

Safety is always the top priority and is critical as we aim toward carbon 
neutrality. FusionSolar is committed to provide safer and more reliable ESS 
solutions by continuing to increase R&D investment and draw on the rich 
experience in power electronics, thermal, AI, and digital technologies, and 
will also continue working with customers and industry partners to accelerate 
carbon neutrality for a greener future.

SOURCE: FusionSolar

Image Attachments Links:

   Link: https://iop.asianetnews.net/view-attachment?attach-id=435021

   Caption: FusionSolar Smart String ESS SolutionFMulti-Level Active 
Protection for Ultimate Safety

   Link: https://iop.asianetnews.net/view-attachment?attach-id=435023

   Caption: FusionSolar Smart String ESS SolutionFMulti-Level Active 
Protection for Ultimate Safety